This scale consists of 25 items and the results have been found to positively correlate with physical health, morale, and life satisfaction, while negatively correlating with. The paper reports the evaluation of the german version of the resilience scale by wagnild and young 1993 in a large community sample of the german population n 2. The resilience scale rs 2 march 3911 please read the following statements. It is a highly valid and reliable 25item measure and measures resilience in any setting. This concept has been well studied in western countries and less in developing countries, particularly nigeria.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience. Establishing the psychometric qualities of the connor. Resilience scale for adults 21, and the brief resilience scale 22, among others 23. Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale. A validity study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in general hospital units and a community sample in nigeria. The resilience scale includes 25 items reflecting the five characteristics of resilience identified through this qualitative work. This website is home to the connordavidson resilience scale. If you have an average score or below, talk to a colleague about those lowscoring items. Psychometric assessment of the wagnild and youngs resilience. The original resilience scale the resilience center. This qualitative study was designed to identify and describe characteristics of successfully adjusted older women. Young, phd, rn this study describes the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the 25item resilience scale rs in a sample of 810 communitydwelling older adults. In this crosscultural adaptation, in a factor analysis, the authors found a threefactor solution, with a cronbachs alpha of. Resilience and strengthening resilience in individuals january 2011 uk.
Prior to instrument development, a qualitative study of 24 women aged 67 to 92 years was done in order to describe characteristics of successful adaptation. Although there are some measures to quantify resilience in children and adolescents, there are only a few measures intended to assess resilience in adults. The other three assess process resilience or multilevel interactive resilience resources. To the right of each you will find seven numbers, ranging from.
The resilience scale rs25 is an instrument developed by wagnild and young 1993 to assess resilience levels in adults. The connordavidson resilience scale cdrisc25 is a selfadministered scale containing 25 items that exhibit good psychometric properties. The authors of the scale applied it in a sample consisting of 810 middleaged adults. Psychometric properties of the finnish version of the resilience. The present paper outlines the development of the protective factors for resilience scale pfrs. The current paper describes the development of a risk and resilience scale battery, including aggregation of wellestablished scales and, using empirical methods, selection of the optimal items among them. Healy 2009, hansung 2009, burns 2009, conrad 2006, and anderson 2000.
Each of these scales presents respondents with attitudinal statements. Nevertheless, our conceptualisation goes beyond the definition of resilience proposed by luthans, which suggests that it is a recovery process in. Wagnild and young 9 have proposed two subcategories, personal competence and acceptance of self and life, based on a principal component analysis. Exploratory and confirmatory factoranalytic methods were employed, including an analysis of measurement invariance models by sex and raceethnicity. The resilience scale is an international trademark of gail m.
The questions on the 25item connordavidson resilience scale include. The possible score range on the brs is from 1 low resilience to 5 high resilience. The purpose of this study was to develop a new resiliency scale rs for turkish samples. The tool can be used to translate a wide range of messages from the science of early child development from individual differences to. Brief resilience scale brs please respond to each item by marking. According to the authors of the brs, scores can be interpreted as follows xrefs. Executive summary the resilience scale is an effective simplifying model for channeling thinking about developmental outcomes and resilience. Measures of resilience and an evaluation of the resilience. Wallston 2004 and wagnild and young resil ience scale. Examples of notable resilience scales include wagnild and youngs 1993resilience scale, the connordavidson resilience scale connor and davidson,2003, the resilience scale for adults friborg et al.
Pdf wagnild and youngss resilience scale validation for is. This scale consists of 25 items and the results have been found to positively correlate with physical health, morale, and life satisfaction, while negatively correlating with depression. The brief resilience scale brs was created to assess. It was first published in 1993 and is the first resilience assessment to measure. In a study with 844 participants, a mix of healthy people and people suffering from diseases, smith and colleagues found an average score of 3. Resilience is a stressresistant construct in human capacity that is dif. Wagnild and youngs 1993resilience scale, the connordavidson resilience scale connor and davidson,2003, the resilience scale for adults friborg et al. The predictive 6factor resilience scale the science of. Resilience seemed to lie at the core of the recent promotion of positive mental health and wellbeing.
The rs was used to measure the degree of individual resilience. The greek version of the resilience scale rs14 medcrave. The 25item resilience scale is the original resilience measure and considered the gold standard for resilience assessments among researchers around the world. The resilience scale wagnild and young, 1993 in nursing literature, the resilience scale. Resilience scale a reliable and valid tool to measure resilience. The resilience scale users guide is included free with the purchase of a. The resilience scale, developed by wagnild and young in 1993, was created and validated with a sample of older adults aged 53 to 95 years.
A correlational study on dispositional resilience, psychological wellbeing, and coping strategies in university students. Descriptive statistics, reliability, and validity data were also calculated. Various items from some major resiliency scales, most of them with some partial change, were collected and a pool of 228 items containing almost all. The resilience scale users guide for the us english version of the resilience scale and the 14item resilience scale rs14. We aimed to examine and assess the psychometric properties of the polish version in three different samples. Resilience scale users guide the resilience center. Find out whats new with cdrisc in the most recent update. Divide the sum by the total number of questions answered 6 for your final score. To address limitations in the literature related to measuring.
Assessing the ability to bounce back article pdf available in international journal of behavioral medicine 153. Resilience and strengthening resilience in individuals. The resilience scale rs, developed by wagnild and young 1993, is a 25item selfreport questionnaire to identify the degree of individual. The purpose of this study was to validate the resilience scale rs14 wagnild, 2009a,b. However, there is no consensus about a generally accepted scale that could have the most adequate psychometric properties 19. Development of a scale battery for rapid assessment of. The resilience scale rs, which measures the capacity to withstand life stressors, and to thrive and make meaning from challenges consists of a 17item personal competence subscale and an 8item acceptance of self and life subscale.
Examples of notable resilience scales include wagnild and youngs 1993 resilience scale, the connordavidson resilience scale connor and davidson, 2003, the resilience scale for adults friborg et al. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the psychometric properties of the 14item resilience scale rs14. Gail wagnild has spent the last three decades studying resilience how to measure, strengthen, and celebrate this incredible capacity available to each of us. Frontiers polish version of the resilience scale rs14. How to measure resilience with these 8 resilience scales. To the right of each you will find seven numbers, ranging from 1 strongly disagree on the left to 7 strongly agree on the right. Nov 23, 2011 resilience seemed to lie at the core of the recent promotion of positive mental health and wellbeing. Add the value 15 of your responses for all six items, creating a range from 630. She developed the original resilience scale, which was the first of its kind to assess resilience. Development of the scale craig harms 1, julie ann pooley and lynne cohen2 abstract. Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale gail m. Risk and resilience are multifaceted processes, thus characterizing and delineating their role in developmental psychopathology is complex.
The first crosscultural adaptation to portuguese of the resilience scale from wagnild and young, was conducted by the study group of pesce et al. The aim of the study is therefore, to demonstrate the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the resilience scale rs and its 14item short version rs14 in a nigerian. Principal components factor analysis of the rs was conducted followed. The resilience scale rs, developed by wagnild and young 1993, is a 25 item selfreport questionnaire to identify the degree of individual. Rs14 is an offshoot of the 25 items and measures similar psychological concept. This study describes the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the 25item resilience scale rs in a sample of 810 communitydwelling older adults. Principal components factor analysis of the rs was conducted followed by oblimin. Young 8, 9 conceptualized resilience as a positive person ality characteristic, which would enhance individual adapta. The participants reported a recent major loss and were considered successfully adjusted as evidenced by social involvement in a senior center, a mid level to high level of morale and self. Davidson resilience scale cdrisc, connordavidson resilience scale 10 cdrisc 10, resilience scale. Principal components factor analysis of the rs was conducted followed by oblimin rotation indicating that the factor structure represented two factors personal. Please use the links in the menu above to find out more about the assesment, and how you can obtain a copy. The wagnild and young resilience scale14 rs14 is a brief measure assessing resilience. The rs 9 is a selfreport measure, which consists of 25 items on a 5point scale from disagree 1 to agree 5.
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